Chapter 9 – Group Effects
Summary
Two more experiments were presented. One where two peers in addition to the subject rebel (exp. 17) and one where another peer administers the shock while the subject simply instructs him to do it (exp. 18). Experiment 17 saw only a 10% obedience rate, while 18 saw a 92.5% obedience rate.
Summary
Two more experiments were presented. One where two peers in addition to the subject rebel (exp. 17) and one where another peer administers the shock while the subject simply instructs him to do it (exp. 18). Experiment 17 saw only a 10% obedience rate, while 18 saw a 92.5% obedience rate.
Discussion
As I have said before, this definitely seems like direct responsibility affects how far subjects carry out the experiment. When faced with disobedience by peers, the subject more easily complies with them and stops. But when they appear to have no direct responsibility with causing pain, it is easier to feel disconnected from what is going on.
As I have said before, this definitely seems like direct responsibility affects how far subjects carry out the experiment. When faced with disobedience by peers, the subject more easily complies with them and stops. But when they appear to have no direct responsibility with causing pain, it is easier to feel disconnected from what is going on.
Chapter 10 – Why Obedience? – An Analysis
Summary
Milgrim discussed what exactly caused the subjects to become obedient. The individuals all had some capacity for becoming obedient figures, but he wanted to find out what caused this to happen. He talked about the agentic shift where a person begins to view themselves in a state of agency is open to being controlled by a person of higher status. In this state, the person begins to view themselves as a tool for others and takes no responsibility for their actions.
Summary
Milgrim discussed what exactly caused the subjects to become obedient. The individuals all had some capacity for becoming obedient figures, but he wanted to find out what caused this to happen. He talked about the agentic shift where a person begins to view themselves in a state of agency is open to being controlled by a person of higher status. In this state, the person begins to view themselves as a tool for others and takes no responsibility for their actions.
Discussion
This is interesting and definitely begins to explain why the subjects behaved as they did. People are not necessarily inherently obedient. They are capable of being obedient, however, once the right conditions are set in place. This can explain why normal people behaved far differently than they normally would in everyday life.
This is interesting and definitely begins to explain why the subjects behaved as they did. People are not necessarily inherently obedient. They are capable of being obedient, however, once the right conditions are set in place. This can explain why normal people behaved far differently than they normally would in everyday life.
Chapter 11 – The Process of Obedience: Applying the Analysis to the Experiment
Summary
As the title suggests, Milgrim explains the different aspects of the obedience process and how the experiment demonstrated them. A major part of this is the social fabric built into each of the subjects. Everyone has instilled in them the notion of respecting authority. It gave them a great deal of anxiety to stop the experiment, because this was a direct violation of the social rules they know and understand.
Summary
As the title suggests, Milgrim explains the different aspects of the obedience process and how the experiment demonstrated them. A major part of this is the social fabric built into each of the subjects. Everyone has instilled in them the notion of respecting authority. It gave them a great deal of anxiety to stop the experiment, because this was a direct violation of the social rules they know and understand.
Discussion
While Milgrim talked about many things in this chapter, the anxiety part and typing this in with social norms was very interesting. Many times I have noticed or experienced through my actions holding back from doing something I wanted to do for the foolish fear of the defiance of social norms. This usually stems from the fear of what other people will think of an action. In all reality, this never matters because the people we are most concerned about in this situation we will never see again.
While Milgrim talked about many things in this chapter, the anxiety part and typing this in with social norms was very interesting. Many times I have noticed or experienced through my actions holding back from doing something I wanted to do for the foolish fear of the defiance of social norms. This usually stems from the fear of what other people will think of an action. In all reality, this never matters because the people we are most concerned about in this situation we will never see again.
Chapter 12 – Strain and Disobedience
Summary
Milgrim explains the role of strain in the disobedience process. He also talks about the difficulty of becoming disobedient. It is not as easy as making a decision. For many, being disobedient means letting the experimenter down and going back on promises of finishing the experiment. While this was the real goal, there is a lot of baggage that goes with making the morally correct choice in the experiment.
Summary
Milgrim explains the role of strain in the disobedience process. He also talks about the difficulty of becoming disobedient. It is not as easy as making a decision. For many, being disobedient means letting the experimenter down and going back on promises of finishing the experiment. While this was the real goal, there is a lot of baggage that goes with making the morally correct choice in the experiment.
Discussion
The subject matter of this chapter ties into my discussion from the last section. None of the subjects know the experimenter at all. But they view their agreement to conduct the experiment as a binding promise. No one likes to break promises and feel as though they are not trustworthy, so there is a lot of resistance to rebel and stop causing the pain. However, Milgrim also pointed out that the strain present in the system can snap people out of their agentic state and allow them to think for themselves again.
The subject matter of this chapter ties into my discussion from the last section. None of the subjects know the experimenter at all. But they view their agreement to conduct the experiment as a binding promise. No one likes to break promises and feel as though they are not trustworthy, so there is a lot of resistance to rebel and stop causing the pain. However, Milgrim also pointed out that the strain present in the system can snap people out of their agentic state and allow them to think for themselves again.
Chapter 13 – An Alternative Theory: Is Aggressions the Key?
Summary
Milgrim explains that aggression did not play a major factor in the behavior of the subjects in the experiment. While it might seem so, he presented a good example of why it is not. If the experimenter told subject to drink water, this does not mean they are thirsty. They are just obeying orders. In this same way, the subjects were obeying orders and did not cause the pain out of sheer enjoyment.
Summary
Milgrim explains that aggression did not play a major factor in the behavior of the subjects in the experiment. While it might seem so, he presented a good example of why it is not. If the experimenter told subject to drink water, this does not mean they are thirsty. They are just obeying orders. In this same way, the subjects were obeying orders and did not cause the pain out of sheer enjoyment.
Discussion
This consensus makes a lot of sense to me. He did say a couple subjects seemed to enjoy causing the pain, but I definitely believe that this wasn’t the case for most of them. They were simply placed into a situation where they were immersed in an authoritative system and did what they were told because that is how this system is supposed to operate to them.
This consensus makes a lot of sense to me. He did say a couple subjects seemed to enjoy causing the pain, but I definitely believe that this wasn’t the case for most of them. They were simply placed into a situation where they were immersed in an authoritative system and did what they were told because that is how this system is supposed to operate to them.
Chapter 14 – Problems of Method
Summary
This chapter discussed the frequent problems people have with Milgrim’s experiment and its results. In it, he addressed each one and explained why those reasons were not entirely valid. It also seemed that he thought most people were missing the main point of the experiment, which was to show the destruction possible by normal people simply following orders from authoritative figures.
Summary
This chapter discussed the frequent problems people have with Milgrim’s experiment and its results. In it, he addressed each one and explained why those reasons were not entirely valid. It also seemed that he thought most people were missing the main point of the experiment, which was to show the destruction possible by normal people simply following orders from authoritative figures.
Discussion
I agree with Milgrim on this one. His experiment is not only interesting but also extremely valid in what it sets out to accomplish. Delving deeper into the reasoning behind why people were obedient is very insightful. People found themselves in a situation they didn’t feel they could escape, even though the reality of the situation is that they could at any time. The fact that the potential for psychological turmoil in being disobedient for the subjects stopped them from making their own choices seems like very useful information to me.
I agree with Milgrim on this one. His experiment is not only interesting but also extremely valid in what it sets out to accomplish. Delving deeper into the reasoning behind why people were obedient is very insightful. People found themselves in a situation they didn’t feel they could escape, even though the reality of the situation is that they could at any time. The fact that the potential for psychological turmoil in being disobedient for the subjects stopped them from making their own choices seems like very useful information to me.
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